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"John
Hause, born 1690, lived in New York until his marriage in 1715 to Sarah Allen,
a woman of fine English Blood. After his marriage, he removed to Haverstraw, Rockland
Co., New York."
—From the Genealogy of John Hause Descendants, compiled by Alfred B. Hause in 1904. Source: Family Bible of Joseph Hause of Ovid, New York, mid-1800's.
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Our genealogy, according to transcriptions from our oldest Hause Family Bible, states that John I (actually John II, if we're talking about the "John" born in 1690) was a cousin to Queen Mary II of England, who ruled jointly with William III from 1689 to 1694. The story goes that Queen Mary II sent John to America to avoid religious persecution. So as you can see, I'm not the first one in my family to create fiction.¹
According
to many Haus family histories, JOHANNES
HAUSS, son of JOHANN CHRISTIAN HAUSS, was born around 1690 in Klein Altenstädten (one source has the date as June 27, 1688), and traveled to the New World with his father, his sister Anna Elizabeth, and his brothers Rheinhardt, George, Conrad, Harmonius, and possibly another named Elias.
Though the Hause
family history claims that either he or his father was a "cousin" to
the Stuarts, they would have been very distant, at best. First off, no genealogies are more documented and picked-over than Royal genealogies, and no genealogist has ever recorded a Hauss as being related to a Royal family. The only name coming close to ours in the Stuart's Palatine family line is "Van Hessen," but that family's connection to ours is doubtful. Our family was poor, and they were not living like royalty in any way. They emigrated to a harsh wilderness, hardly the place a queen would send her infant cousin. The Hauss family came to America as indentured servants, and basically had to work their way up to just get to the level of poverty! More likely, the Stuarts were called cousins in the family history because they were the cousins of the rulers that the Hauss family supported and defended.
Also, according to
these family histories, Johannes married SARAH
ALLEN, "a woman of fine English blood" from a prominent family in
Haverstraw, in 1715. (So apparently he spoke English well enough to marry into
a British family—hmm...maybe there is something to the Queen Mary
story...) Of course, even being of fine blood didn't really help a woman much
back then. Colonial America was a hierarchical society in which, by custom and
law, women were subordinate to men. Women were not expected to run businesses
or to follow professions. They could not vote or hold public office or sit on
a jury. They were, for the most part, denied education beyond the skills they
would need in their own households. Married women could not own property in their
own names. So even though Johannes was just a poor Palatine refugee as opposed
to Sarah, descended from British nobility, Johannes was still the boss of the
family. They may have attended a German Reformed church in Sleepy Hollow, as there
are records of a Johannes and Zarah there, as well as a lot of Van Alen family
members. Johannes' brother, Rheinhardt, was even present for a few baptisms.
 "New and Exact Map of the Dominions of the King of Great Britain on ye Continent of North America, containing New Foundland, New Scotland, New England, New York, New Jersey, Pensilvania, Maryland, Virginia and Carolina, according to the Newest and most Exact Observations By Herman Moll, Geographer," created in 1715. (Click here to enlarge.) |
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View BookJohannes and Sarah lived a few miles from Sleepy Hollow, which was the locale of Washington Irving's tale of Ichabod Crane and the Headless Horseman. (If you read in the "Allen" family history, you will see that descendants of Sarah's family were possibly the inspiration for the story's characters of Brom Bones—the villain—and the girl he and Ichabod Crane were fighting over, named Katerina.)
Henry Hudson is credited as the first European to set eyes on this land. In 1609, Hudson, under commission to the Dutch East India Company, sailed up the river which would one day bear his name. He anchored in the widest point in the river, off what is now known as Haverstraw. He mistakenly assumed that he had found the legendary "Northwest Passage" to India, and he continued his voyage upstream to Albany before he realized his mistake and headed for home.
Early attempts to settle the county by the Dutch were generally unsuccessful, and in 1664 they handed the territory over to the English. In 1686, the Duke of York, later to become King James II of England, established the county system and designated the area as "Orange County." The precinct of Haverstraw was established there in 1719. Whether Johannes was a carpenter, farmer or miller—the three strongest trades in the area—is unknown (although you had to be proficient at all three to survive a winter in that area).
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The
history of Haverstraw at this point in time is mostly speculative. Fewer than
700 people lived there before 1730, and travel was largely confined to Indian
trails by land and sloops by the Hudson River. The Ramapo Mountains were hard
to cross, and it would be many years before adequate roads could be built. But
considering that Johannes was raised in the Rhine region of the Palatinate, he
was probably better prepared than most to work in that environment. Beyond that,
Haverstraw became the preeminent manufacturing town for bricks in all of the United
States by the 19th Century, to the point where the entire town collapsed and sank
in the early 1900's because so much clay had been removed from the soil. With
that, many early buildings and early historical documents were lost.
"Johannus Hausz" was Naturalized in New York City as a citizen of the British Empire on July 27, 1721. This meant he could now buy and land. (With British citizenship and an English wife, it's no wonder that later descendants assumed the Hause family was completely British.) The Hauss family was officially out of bondage to Governor Hunter, Livingston, and the other Palatine exploiters. Their destiny was finally their own.
Johannes
(now "John") and Sarah raised six children, which was actually a small
amount of kids for a woman to have at the time. This was because at the time of
the Hauss family's arrival, men outnumbered women 6 to 1 in some American colonies.
With so few women and so many men, almost all of the women married very early.
Early marriage extended the years in which women could bear children, and so she
could expect to bear an average of eight. So Sarah got off relatively light:
CHILDREN OF JOHANNES HAUS AND SARAH ALLEN |
Very few records of Haverstraw from this time exist (a fire wiped out most of them in the mid-nineteenth Century)... and Johannes then seems to disappear from the record, entirely. (Not that there was much in the record of Johannes before this time, either.) So all that we really know is that he lived
on the edge of the New York frontier, and that he was the last in our line to
be born in 'The Old Country'...
...Or so we think...
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He was born by some family accounts in 1719. He was probably delivered at his parents' home, with the assistance of a midwife. In early colonial culture, children were sort of on their own for the first few years. Parents at that time loved their children but didn't get too close for a number of years, because of the high mortality rate. The hard fact was that people on the frontier knew there was a great chance that their children would die. Most didn't make it to the age of eleven.
According to the customs of the day, John probably wore a dress through most of his infancy, and a "puddinghead cap" to protect his cranium until it hardened. He was raised in the unisex fashion of the time, and not considered a "man," until he was about six. Then he was old enough to be "breeched"—his dress was taken away, his long hair was shaved, and he was given his long pants—officially becoming part of the family labor force.
He probably had very little schooling. Just enough to learn a trade between chores on the farm, and basic math so he wouldn't get taken buy peddlers or customers. But most of his teens would've been spent working in the field.
Sometime in the 1740's (listed by some in his daughter Anna Margaretha's line as 1739 in Linlithgo, Columbia County) John married SARAH WHEELER (or WEILER), from a prominent local family based in Kinderhook, Columbia County.
Many German customs were still in effect during courtship at this time. The oddest of these was probably "bundling." In this ritual, courting couples were allowed to spend the night together in bed, fully dressed. It is unknown today if there was a chaperone or a "bundling board" to separate the couple, but the practice became controversial and finally eliminated in the 1750's. We do know that by the time of John and Sarah's union, about 30% of children born in the colonies were delivered less than eight months into the marriage, so either the boards were too low or the chaperones were sleeping!
After the formal engagement of John and Sarah came the "posting of publication of the banns" a fortnight before the wedding, so that any person with reason to object to the marriage could do so. (We have no record of this ritual for John and Sarah, but we know her family, in particular her grandfather, Everett, practiced it.) Marriage was not conducted with the bride and groom in special gowns, but in the best clothes they already owned.
As John descended from a carpenter, he probably had a nice home with a bed and bedstead, the most expensive possessions of the era. Which was lucky, because in many Colonial homes the children were present in bed—with the sexually active parents! Privacy was not an option in the wilds of Colonial America. At least the mother and father kept their clothes on, as Northern Europeans usually wore their shirts and shifts during sex. (A person wearing a shift was described as "naked," while actual nudity was described as "from nature." And people were only "from nature" when they were getting flogged by officials in the village square, not in the bedroom.)
We know that John and Sarah eventually moved from Haverstraw to the town of Warwick, but tracing their movements is hard. A "John Hanse" is listed in the earliest records of Monroe, the Southeast-most town in Orange County near the Ramapo River, along with members of the Conklin family (John's sister Sally married Amos Conklin). Hanse seems to be a common misreading of our surname in early records, but whether this would be Johannes or John III, if either, is hard to say.
John and Sarah lived long, productive lives, with extensive family and friends. The records of their lives are numerous in the church records of the time—you just have to be patient and check EVERY spelling variation. (In those days with few schools and no formalized language, the spelling of names was usually done phonetically, so John's last name often changed from Haus to Haas to Haws to Hauss to Howes to Huus to Huis to Hous to House to Hause—for the christening of his daughter Marritje in 1750, John III's name was even listed as "Johamnes Huyser"). Here's a listing of all their known children:
CHILDREN OF JOHN HAUSE AND SARAH WHEELER |
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There doesn't seem to have been a consistent church or parish that the Haus family attended, but that was common in Colonial America. By the mid-1700's, fewer than 20% of the population was linked to a specific church or religion (10% in New York City), and most of the church members were women. The congregation of a church was not there to enforce strict religious doctrines—they were there to provide a focus for family life in the community, and to help settlers make connections and survive in the wilderness of the New World.
The Haus family seemed to attend German (Dutch) Reformed and Lutheran churches, but that could just be because they were the most common in German immigrant communities, and settlers went to whatever church was available to them. German Reformed congregations were similar enough to the established Dutch Reformed religion that they accepted the Dutch Reformed Classis of Amsterdam as their ecclesiastical superior. The Classis provided spiritual guidance, and certified ministers as orthodox. But by 1741, there were fifty-one German Reformed congregations in the Mid-Atlantic Colonies, and only four competent ordained ministers to care for the region's 15,000 German Reformed settlers. So in rural areas like the Haus family lived in, the churches were usually became "pietistic," and threw away doctrinal exactness in church. The clerical education of the preacher meant nothing. Communion was limited to those who made a full confession, and the worship was spontaneous and ecstatic. This emphasis on personal religious experience over theological dogma or liturgy won over many small independent sects and unchurched families in German areas, and forty-nine more congregations developed by 1750, during the period of "The Great Awakening."
John and Sarah sponsored many of the children of their neighbors and friends in baptisms at these local churches. (Their family seems to have been strongly allied with the Wheelers—for obvious reasons—and the Klappers.) Here are some baptisms in which John III and Sarah Wheeler were the sponsors:
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Date: 08 Jun 1766 Father: John Decker Robinson Mother: Lisabeth Haus (ELISABETH #1) Item #: 338 Child: John Sponsor: Johannes Haus; Sara Haus Baptism Records of the Gallatin Reformed Church: Gallatinville Gallatin Reformed Church 1748-1899 | Baptism
Date: - 1769 Father: Conrad Klapper Mother: Maria (John and Sarah's daughter) Item #: 268 Child: Johannes Sponsor: Johannes Haus; Seri Birth Date: 18 Apr 1769 Baptism Record of St. Thomas Lutheran Church: Churchtown, Columbia County St. Thomas Lutheran Church 1760-1899 |
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Date: - 1773 Father: Conrad Klapper Mother: Maria Item #: 372 Child: Sara Sponsor: Johannes Haus; Sara Birth Date: 28 Feb 1773 Page: 18 Baptism Record of St. Thomas Lutheran Church: Churchtown, Columbia County St. Thomas Lutheran Church 1760-1899 | Baptism
Date: - 1767 Father: Wilem Tailor Mother: Annatge Item #: 9 Child: Seri Sponsor: Johannes Haus, & wife Seri Birth Date: 21 Jan 1767 Baptismal Record of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church: Manorton St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church 1765 - 1872 (Lutheran Church of Livingston) |
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Date: - 1769 Father: Niclas Wiehler (SARAH'S BROTHER) Mother: Maria Item #: 44 Sponsor: Hanes Haus; Sara Birth Date: 07 Mar 1769 Page: 3 Baptismal Record of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church: Manorton St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church 1765 - 1872 (Lutheran Church of Livingston) |
Baptism Date: 17 Oct 1779 Father: Peter Clopper Mother: Grietje Howes Item #: 1375 Child: Sarah Sponsor: Johannes Howes; Sarah Howes Birth Date: 29 Sep 1779 Comments: (baptisms #1370-1378 performed at Magare Vlahten) Baptism Record Linlithgo Reformed Church: Livingston Linlithgo Reformed Church 1722-1889 |
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Date: 11 Oct 1781 Father: Johannes Huis Mother: Christina Whitbeek Item #: 1554 Child: Sarah Sponsor: Joh's Huis; Sarah Huis Birth Date: 13 Sep 1781 Comments: (baptisms #1547-1561 performed at Taconick) Baptism Record Linlithgo Reformed Church: Livingston Linlithgo Reformed Church 1722-1889 | Baptism
Date: 20 Oct 1782 Father: Peter Clopper Mother: Christina Huis Item #: 1690 Child: Johanes Sponsor: Johanis House; Sarah House Birth Date: 11 Sep 1782 Baptism Record Linlithgo Reformed Church: Livingston Linlithgo Reformed Church 1722-1889 |
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In fact, when you look at who sponsored the various children of John III and Sarah Wheeler and the various families allied with them, you have to ask, "where are John II and Sarah Allen?"
First, it has to be remembered that the mortality rate in Colonial times was incredibly high. 45 years was considered a long life. By the time that John III had children, Johannes and Sarah Allen would've been well past that, in their fifties (They would have been about eighty when the last Elisabeth Hause was born, in 1769). It was very common at the time for relatives to carry on the work of raising and educating the children at the request of the deceased, so it actually would have been natural for Rheinhardt to step in as the head of Johannes' family.
Still, at least one genealogist believes that the father of John III is Rheinhardt, not Johannes Jr. (He isn't encumbered by 300 years of tradition in a family bible!) Historian Henry Jones, in his landmark, award-winning work, The Palantine Families of New York, lists the John whom married Sarah Wheeler as one of Rheinhardt's children.
Another clue lies deep in the files of the Lutheran Church of New York City: the baptism of 9 week-old "Johannes Haus," twenty-one years earlier, on the 29th of May in 1726... to Reinhard Hauss and his wife, Anna Elizabeth! Here's a listing of their children:
CHILDREN OF RHEINHARDT AND ANNA ELISABETH HAUS |
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Personally, I'm not prepared to say the family bibles are wrong. But these documents raise interesting questions, and any number of scenarios. According to church records, Rheinhardt's sixth child was named Johannes, and 21 years later, Rheinhardt is listed as the sponsor of a Johannes Haus' first child... but it's the Johannes Haus in our line, married to Sarah Wheeler, just a few towns away. What does this mean? It's entirely feasible that...
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Rheinhardt then moved to Philipsburg, near Sleepy Hollow, even attending the very Dutch Reformed Church of Washington Irving's story. Rheinhardt's chuch even records him as "Johann Rheinhardt" on occassion (see churchlists in the Holland Society book, above). Is this all a case of mistaken identity? Or just a case of two brothers living close to each other?
Obviously, answering these questions is going to take a little more research, a few new discoveries, and a lot of luck to solve. (See "False Leads and Myths.")
So I would love to tell you that I know who our next ancestor was in line after Johan Christian Hauss—but I can't with any certainty. But does it really matter? We can argue about the lineage all day. Whether John III's dad is actually Rheinhardt or Johannes, it still proves our link to past generations. And it leads us to the next link in our heritage...
 "A New Map of North America, from the Latest Discoveries, 1763." (Click here to enlarge.) |
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But many colonists felt they needed protection from the British government, as well. After the war, the British Empire controlled all of North America from the East Coast to the Mississippi River, and from Canada down to Florida (which was owned by Spain). But the cost of the war had been immense, and the British Treasury was nearly bankrupt, while the national debt had doubled. Parliament decided that the people of the colonies, now safe from the French, needed to pay off more of the debt, and began creating and raising new taxes, such as the "Stamp Act" in 1865. Soon the colonists began to tire of all of the new tariffs imposed on shipments of goods and supplies, paid to a king who they never saw, who underpaid them for raw materials for British factories (the King made sure that the colonists couldn't create finished products, in order to preserve their economic servitude). But the Palatines kept to themselves, spoke mainly in their native tongues (especially in Church), and stayed out of the national and international debate raging in more populated parts of the Colonies.
"Why should the Palatine Boors be suffered to swarm into our Settlements, and by herding together establish their Language and Manners to the Exclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them, and will never adopt our Language or Customs, any more than they can acquire our Complexion?"
—Benjamin Franklin
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As for John Haus III, he was now living back in in Orange County. The 1775 Assessment Roll of Orange County, lists a "John Hawes" living in District five in Warwick (comprising the territory in the vicinity of Wickham's Pond, including Bellvale Valley).³ Warwick is on the west side of the Hudson, fifty-four miles north of New York City. It's the heart of the "Black Dirt Region," known for two highly prized products sticking out of the dirt: Onions and mastodons. The wide flat valleys were once a glacial lake, which became a swamp and later dried, leaving its rich black dirt. Decomposition was slow under the muck without oxygen, so mastodon bones can still be easily found. Farmers found the rich organic soil was perfect for onions (the region still grows an amazing 25% of the nation's onions).
This section of Orange County was on the border of New York and New Jersey, where German immigrants formed farming communities and pretty much kept to themselves. That is, until a key religious controversy in the Reformed Church eventually stoked the fires of revolution.
The Dutch who had settled the area had been compassionate towards the poorer Palatines, and many German Reformed churches became part of the Dutch Reformed Church, which meant they could appeal to the Classis of Amsterdam (Holland) for ministers and money to run the churches. The new German and Polish congregations were therefore known as the "Jersey Dutch." Then a period of tremendous religious and emotional upheaval, known as the "Great Awakening," swept through the British colonies in the 1730s, and those churches began to challenge the authority of Europe.
Their main gripe was the lack of authority within the American churches to ordain and educate ministers. With the proliferation of churches resulting from the Great Awakening revivals, there was a severe shortage of ordained holy men to preach the gospel (which is why you see the Haus family attending different churches, travelling to wherever their minister was preaching at that Sunday). There were only twenty Reformed ministers preaching in the American Colonies during the 1740s.
The problem was that anybody who aspired to the pulpit at that time was required to embark on a long, arduous, expensive, and often dangerous journey to Amsterdam for training and ordination. So there needed to be some kind of assembly with at least limited powers to educate and ordain ministers for the pulpit. Finally in 1747, the Classis of Amsterdam reluctantly gave its approval for the formation of such a body, which was called a Coetus.
However, the more conservative ministers in New York and New Jersey opposed this separation, feeling the church was losing touch with Old World tradition and God. Equally alarming to these ministers was the thought that a local classis could intrude into their own affairs much more efficiently than one which governed from Amsterdam. Therefore, they contested any attempt to break formal ties with foreign authority, and organized themselves into the rival Conferentie party.
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On November 10, 1766, William Franklin, Provincial Governor of New Jersey (and the illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin), granted a charter for Queen's College, named in honor of Charlotte, the Queen Consort. The school (which eventually became Rutgers) was established to train Dutch Reformed clergy, giving more control to the Coetus.
Severe opposition to the formation of an American classis came from established Conferentie members. But the majority of Reformed parishoners opposed the Conferentie, feeling the movement was overzealous and reactionary, and sided with the Coetus party. These two opposing forces broke apart congregations, friendships and even families. Brothers in neighboring houses refused to look at or talk to each other on the street when leaving for rival churches on a Sunday. One faction would lock out the other from worship and attacks on members of opposing factions were common. Add to these problems a lack of church leadership, because by 1771, only forty-one ministers were available for one hundred churches, leaving the most outspoken and extreme in the congregations to take charge. And because of this, it started to get political.
Because the Conferentie rejected anything new and outside of tradition and wanted to keep European ties, they sided with the Loyalist British (or Tories), while the more liberal Coetus sided with the Patriots (or Whigs). The quiet, apolitical German population that had kept to itself was now taking sides in talk of a revolution.
The infighting would become brutal and bloody. Formal armies were barely needed, as the citizens themselves began committing attrocities against each other. In 1774, the courthouse at the county seat in Tappan, Orange County, burned to the ground. The locals all suspected that it was the work of Tories, directed at deputy sherrif Ebenezer Wood. In response, militia campanies were formed, and Tories were exposed. Houses would then be burned, friends and relatives would be betrayed, and many lives would soon be lost.
As part of the first native generation of Americans descended from the Palatines, John Hause felt no real allegiance to Germany or England, and resented the ever-increasing taxes he paid on food and necessities to a ruler across the Atlantic Ocean that he had never even seen—and a government he had no voice in, and did little to protect him on the frontier. He and many others in the Haus family felt it was time for a change. But instead of moving to a different land to escape an oppressive ruler—like their forefathers did—this time the family decided to keep the land and change the ruler. They no longer
wanted an elector palatine or a Stuart to protect them. They wanted freedom. That
is the most important thing to know about this particular John (or Johannes) Hause—and
that he, and the men and women that he spawned in turn, would help to settle this
country, formulate its dreams and ideals, and make it free. Which takes us to
our next chapter, maybe the proudest chapter in our family history:
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CHAPTER FOUR: THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR, 1775 - 1783. The Haus family is ripped apart by wartime allegiances. Johan's Loyalist Great-Grandsons attack his Patriot Grandson's village. Brother fights brother. Cousin kills cousin. Grandson's son marries Great-Grandson's daughter. Holiday family get-togethers would never be the same! PLUS: William, Revolutionary War hero, of Hause Hill.
TOP ILLUSTRATION: "Little Falls on the Mohawk," by an unknown artist. Bottom Illustration: Haverstraw, New York.
¹—An interesting theory concerning the "cousin" story was proposed by Charles Hause, in a letter now in possession of Bob and Shirley Hause of Kansas. It claims that Princess Amelia of Solm raised her orphaned grandson, William III, Prince of Orange, after he lost his mother at age ten; William then married Mary Stuart, the eventual Queen of England. As the Hauss family came from Solm, they played up the English connection in their family history. (Which would help explain the "cousin" reference to England's Queen in our family legend.)
²—William's birthdate changes from 1750 to 1751 because Britain and its colonies changed from the old style (Julian) calendar to the new style (Gregorian) calendar on January 1, 1752. But this change had occurred in Holland about 170 years earlier, in 1582, and the Gregorian calendar therefore was used in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (New York). The colony of New Netherland operated according to the laws and customs of the Netherlands province of Holland, where the new calendar had been in use since Pope Gregory introduced it in 1582. Therefore New Netherland records are dated as we would date them today, with the year beginning January 1 and no double-dating.But under the old calendar in use prior to 1752 in Britain and its colonies, the year began on March 25, and March was the first month, February the twelfth. Dates in January, February, and the first 24 days of March were often "double-dated" to indicate both the past and incoming years. For example, what we would call February 24,1714 would then have been February 24, 1713, but could also be written February 24,1713/14. It would also have been the 24th of the twelfth month, not the second month.
When the new calendar was adopted, eleven days had to be dropped, and this was done by declaring that the day after September 2,1752 was September 14, 1752.
After the English conquered New Netherland in 1664, and except for the brief return of Dutch rule in 1673-74, the old (Julian) calendar was used in official documents, but the Dutch often continued using the Gregorian calendar (or some aspects of it) in their church and family records.
Some genealogists have tried to convert all old style dates to their new equivalents, and published only the new forms, just like we say George Washington was born February 22, 1732, when at the time he was born the date was February 11, 1731/2.
³—History of Orange County, New York: 1683-1881, by E.M. Ruttenber and L.H. Clark. Published by Everts and Peck, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 1881. (1775 Orange County Assessment Roll, Page 567) Reprinted by Heart of the Lakes Publishing, Interlaken, NY, 1980, available in three volumes including a full name index from the Orange Co. Genealogical Society, 101 Main Street, Goshen, NY 10924. Ruttenber & Clark comment about the importance of the 1775 Assessment Roll as an early record of the country history, especially given the destructive fire which consumed the town clerk's office in 1842.
SOURCES FOR THIS PAGE:
- Mrs. Alberta Spaid Reeder- Canoga, Seneca Co. New York
- Mrs. Josephine Gregory- 500 S Los Robles #320- Pasadena, CA. 91101
- Mrs, Charles Parker- 6286 Tower Ave. E. Lansing, MI. 48823
- Mrs. Alma Hawes (Lincoln) - 314 W. Main St. , Whitewater, Wis. 53190
- Land records of New York & Altay Church & Tyrona
- History of Rockland County, New York, With Biographical Sketches of Its Prominent Men, by Cole, David. Publisher: J. B. Beers & Co, New York. 1884.
- Pioneer Families of Orange County, New York, compiled by Martha and Bill Reamy. Finksburg, Md. Pipe Creek Publications, c1993.
- The Revolutionary War in the Hackensack Valley: the Jersy Dutch and Neutral Ground, by Leiby, Adrian C. Published by Rutgers University Press. 1962
- The Reformed Church In America, "Struggle For Eccesiastical Independence" (1708-1792). Pages 102-117)
- History of Montgomery Classis, by W.N.P. Dailey, 1916. "While the Holland Dutch first came to the New World in 1609, and at once established their church and school, it is noteworthy that all elements of the Reformed Churches of the American continent-from France and Switzerland, and the German Palatinate-the churches of the Reformed faith established in Virginia (at times meaning the Atlantic coast lands), and Maryland, and Pennsylvania-all turned to the Classis of Amsterdam (Holland) for men and money."
- Charles R. Hause- 532 Lange Court- Libertyville, IL. 60048, or: 1216 Charles Dr. , Shawnee, OK. 74801 Dec. 18,1981
- Will of John Haus of Warwick, Orange Co. N.Y. Probated Sept. 5, 1796
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CHAPTER 1: JOHANN CHRISTIAN HAUSS, b. 1666 CHAPTER 2: THE NEW WORLD, 1711 - 1725 CHAPTER 3: JOHANN, JOHANNES AND JOHN, 1725 - 1775 CHAPTER 4: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1775 - 1783 CHAPTER 5: WILLIAM HAUSE, 1750-1818 CHAPTER 6: WESTERN NEW YORK, 1783 - 1855 CHAPTER 7: MICHIGAN, 1855 - 1900 CHAPTER 8: MICHIGAN, 1901 - 1929 CHAPTER 9: THE GREAT DEPRESSION, 1929-1959 CHAPTER 10: CALIFORNIA, 1959 - 2006 CHAPTER 11: AFTERWARD, 2007  The "Old Dutch Church" at Sleepy Hollow (1697), where the Van Alens, the Gardeniers, the Wheelers, and (occassionally) Rheinhardt Haus attended. |
