 |
The
first United States census took place in 1790, at the close of the country's first
decade of freedom—making it the first country ever to call for a regularly
held census. The Constitution required that a census of all "Persons...excluding
Indians not taxed" be registered to determine the collection of taxes and
the appropriation of seats in the House of Representatives. The enumerators of
that census counted just under four million people, with three million of those
living on farms.
The first nine censuses from 1790-1870 were
organized under the United States Federal Court system. Each district was assigned
a U.S. marshal who hired other marshals to administer the census. Governors were
responsible for enumeration in territories.
The jurisdiction
of the original thirteen states canvassed an area of seventeen present states.
Schedules survive for eleven of the thirteen original states: Connecticut, Maine
(part of Massachusetts at the time), Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Vermont.
(Vermont became the fourteenth state early in 1791 and was included in the census
schedules).
Enumerators of the 1790 census were asked to
include the following categories in the census: name of head of household, number
of free white males of sixteen years and older, number of free white males under
sixteen years, number of free white females, number of all other free persons,
number of slaves, and sometimes town or district of residence.
This
first United States census schedules differs in format from later census material,
as each enumerator was expected to make his own copies on whatever paper he could
find. Unlike later census schedules, enumerators could arrange the records as
they pleased. They were only required to make one copy of the census schedules
to be held by the clerk of the district court in their respective area.
In
1830, Congress passed a law requiring the return of all decennial censuses from
1790-1830. At this point it was discovered that many of the 1790 schedules had
been lost or destroyed. Fortunately, the documents with our family members survived.
The Hauses in our line lived in Warwick, Orange Co., New York, at the time. William
Hause (written as "Hawse") already has a family of ten. Also note
the presence on the same census page of the Ketcham's—the family that William's
son, John, would marry into. But also note that there is a John Hause ("Haws")
registered in Warwick at the time, as well. He's either an elder of William or
a sibling, because this John has a wife, and William's son, 17-year-old John,
would not be married until 1796. So could this be William's father? He is probably
the "John Huus" who died in 1795 and mentioned wife Sarah with sons
William and Simon Hause in his 1794 will, since he does not reappear on the 1800
census:
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
| Name: |
|
John Haws |
| Township: |
|
Warwick |
| County: |
|
Orange |
| State: |
|
New York |
| Year: |
|
1790 |
| Roll: |
|
M637_6 |
| Page: |
|
147 |
| Image: |
|
0348 |
|
|
|
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
| Name: |
|
William Hawse |
| Township: |
|
Warwick |
| County: |
|
Orange |
| State: |
|
New York |
| Year: |
|
1790 |
| Roll: |
|
M637_6 |
| Page: |
|
147 |
| Image: |
|
0349 |
|
|
|
SOURCE INFORMATION: Index created from United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States in the Year 1790. |
1800
CENSUS:
|
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
|
| Name: |
|
Hawes, William |
| Township: |
|
Warwick |
| County: |
|
Orange |
| State: |
|
NY |
| Year: |
|
1800 |
| Roll: |
|
M32_21 |
| Page: |
|
375 |
| Image: |
|
378 |
|
Slaves:
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
SOURCE INFORMATION: 1800 United States Federal Census. M32, 52 rolls. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington DC |
The
official enumeration day of the census was August 4th, 1800. Enumerators were
asked to include the following categories in the census: name of head of household,
number of free white males and females in age categories: 0 to 10, 10 to 16, 16
to 26, 26 to 45, 45 and older; number of other free persons except Indians not
taxed; number of slaves (fortunately the Hause family never had any slaves, so
we don't have to feel guilty about THAT); and town or district and county of residence.
Most entries are arranged in the order of visitation, but some have been rearranged
to appear in alphabetical order by initial letter of the surname.
50-year-old
William reappears here, still living in Warwick (he would move in 1802), with
ten people in his household. Whether one of these was his son, John, or if John
had already moved out, is unknown because children aren't named in the census.
1810
CENSUS:
The official enumeration day of the 1810 census
was August 6th, 1810. Enumerators were asked to include the following categories
in the census: name of head of household; number of free white males and females
in age categories: 0 to 10, 10 to 16, 16 to 26, 26 to 45, 45 and older; number
of other free persons except Indians not taxed; number of slaves; and town or
district and county of residence. Manufacturing schedules are scattered among
the 1810 population schedules.
William has now moved to
Steuben County, New York, along with his sons—a few of whom are also listed
here (William Jr. and Simon are listed as heads of families directly underneath
their father). But John has now moved to Fayette, Seneca Co, New York (just having
left Ovid), and is registered on a different sheet:
|
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
|
| Name: |
|
Hawes, William |
| Township: |
|
Wayne |
| County: |
|
Steuben |
| State: |
|
New York |
| Roll: |
|
M252_37 |
| Page: |
|
391 |
| Image: |
|
55 |
|
M, 10-15:
|
|
1 |
|
M, 16-25:
|
|
3 |
|
M, 45+:
|
|
1 |
|
F, 10-15:
|
|
1 |
|
F, 45+:
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
|
| Name: |
|
House, John |
| Township: |
|
Fayette |
| County: |
|
Seneca |
| State: |
|
New York |
| Roll: |
|
M252_36 |
| Page: |
|
203 |
| Image: |
|
128 |
|
M, 1-9:
|
|
3 |
|
M, 10-15:
|
|
1 |
|
M, 26-44 :
|
|
1 |
|
F, 1-9:
|
|
3 |
|
F, 26-44 :
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
SOURCE INFORMATION: 1810 United States Federal Census. M252, 71 rolls. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington DC |
1820
CENSUS:
The official enumeration day of the 1820 census
was August 7th, 1820. The count was due within six months, but the due date was
extended by law to allow completion within thirteen months. This is because by
1820, there was now a total of twenty-three states in the Union to be canvassed.
The six new states were Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama and
Maine.
|
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
|
| Name: |
|
John Hause |
| Township: |
|
Fayette |
| County: |
|
Seneca |
| State: |
|
New York |
| Year: |
|
1820 |
| Roll: |
|
M33_75 |
| Page: |
|
384 |
| Image Number: |
|
100 |
|
No. of persons engaged in agriculture:
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: 1820 United States Federal Census. M33, 142 rolls. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington D.C. |
Enumerators
of the 1820 census were asked to include the following categories in the census:
name of head of household, number of free white males and females in age categories:
0 to 10, 10 to 16, 16 to 26, 26 to 45, 45 and older; number of other free persons
except Indians not taxed; number of slaves; and town or district and county of
residence. Additionally, the 1820 census for the first time asked the number of
free white males 16 to 18; number of persons to be naturalized; number engaged
in agriculture, commercial, or manufacture; number of slaves and "free colored"
persons (sometimes in age categories); and number of other persons—except
Indians.
By the time of this census, William Sr. was dead
(he passed away in 1818), but John Hause—name finally spelled H-a-u-s-e—and
his family (twelve strong) are now thriving in Fayette. 1830
CENSUS:
The official enumeration day of the 1830 census
was June 1st, 1830. There were a total of twenty-four states in the Union, Missouri
being the latest addition. The new territory of Florida also had its first census
in 1830.
Enumerators of the 1830 census were asked to include
the following categories in the census: name of head of household; number of free
white males and females in age categories: 0 to 5, 5 to 10, 10 to 15, 15 to 20,
20 to 30, 30 to 40, 40 to 50, 50 to 60, 60 to 70, 70 to 80, 80 to 90, 90 to 100,
over 100; the name of a slave owner and the number of slaves owned by that person;
the number of male and female slaves and free "colored" persons by age
categories; the number of foreigners (not naturalized) in a household; the number
of deaf, dumb, and blind persons within a household; and town or district, and
county of residence.
John's sons are now working the land
on Hause's Point in Fayette. Some, like Charles and 25-year-old Augustus, are
working their own part of the property, in their own homes, and starting families
of their own (Augustus and Jane have one child so far, John, born in 1829):
|
| Personal Info |
Census Image
|
|
| Name: |
|
Hause, John |
| Township: |
|
Fayette |
| County: |
|
Seneca |
| State: |
|
New York |
| Year: |
|
1830 |
| Roll: |
|
109 |
| Page: |
|
59 |
|
|
|
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
| Name: |
|
Hause, Augustus |
| Township: |
|
Fayette |
| County: |
|
Seneca |
| State: |
|
New York |
| Year: |
|
1830 |
| Roll: |
|
109 |
| Page: |
|
59 |
|
|
|
|
SOURCE INFORMATION: United States Federal Census. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington DC. |
1840
CENSUS:
The official enumeration day of the 1840 census
was 1 June 1840. There were a total of twenty-six states in the Union, with Arkansas
and Michigan being the latest additions. The two new territories of Wisconsin
and Iowa were also enumerated.
Enumerators were asked to
include the following categories in the census: name of head of household; number
of free white males and females in age categories: 0 to 5, 5 to 10, 10 to 15,
15 to 20, 20 to 30, 30 to 40, 40 to 50, 50 to 60, 60 to 70, 70 to 80, 80 to 90,
90 to 100, over 100; the name of a slave owner and the number of slaves owned
by that person; the number of male and female slaves and free "colored"
persons by age categories; the number of foreigners (not naturalized) in a household;
the number of deaf, dumb, and blind persons within a household; and town or district,
and county of residence. Additionally, the 1840 census, asked for the first time,
the ages of revolutionary war pensioners and the number of individuals engaged
in mining, agriculture, commerce, manufacturing and trade, navigation of the ocean,
navigation of canals, lakes and rivers, learned professions and engineers; number
in school, number in family over age twenty-one who could not read and write,
and the number of insane.
Augustus, fortunately sane, has
now moved to Royalton in Niagara County, while his father, John, still lives in
Fayette, with sons Charles and Alanson working the land nearby:
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
| Name: |
|
J House |
| Township: |
|
Fayette |
| County: |
|
Seneca |
| State: |
|
New York |
| Roll: |
|
339 |
| Page: |
|
345 |
|
Year:
|
|
1840 |
|
Pages:
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
| Name: |
|
Augustus "Hams" |
| Township: |
|
Royalton |
| County: |
|
Niagara |
| State: |
|
New York |
| Roll: |
|
311 |
| Page: |
|
191 |
|
Year:
|
|
1840 |
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: United States Federal Census. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington DC |
|
| Personal
Information | Census
Image | |
| Name: |
| Esther Hause |
| Age: |
| 69 |
| Birthplace: |
| New
York | | Home
in 1850: |
| Fayette, Seneca,
New
York | | Estimated
Birth Year: |
| 1781 |
| Attended
School within year |
| No |
| Page: |
| 146 |
| Roll: |
| M432_597 |
| Year: | | 1850 |
| |
|
|
SOURCE
INFORMATION: 1850 United States Federal Census. M432, 1009 rolls. National Archives
and Records Administration, Washington DC. |
|
1850
CENSUS:
The official enumeration day of the 1850 census
was June 1st, 1850. There were a total of thirty-one states in the Union, with
Florida, Texas, Iowa, Wisconsin, and California being the latest additions. The
four new territories of Oregon, Minnesota, New Mexico, and Utah were also enumerated.
For the first time in the history of the United States census,
enumerators were instructed to record the names of every person in the household,
and were asked to include the following categories: name; age as of the census
day; sex; color; birthplace; occupation of males over age fifteen; value of real
estate; whether married within the previous year; whether deaf-mute, blind, insane,
or "idiotic"; whether able to read or write for individuals over age
twenty; and whether the person attended school within the previous year. No relationships
were shown between members of a household. The categories allowed Congress to
determine persons residing in the United States for collection of taxes and the
appropriation of seats in the House of Representatives.
In
the Hause family, Augustus "Hawyes," one of the worst "Hause"
spellings yet, is listed as a farmer, and the value of his land is priced at $4240.
His wife, Jane, is recorded as 47 years old, but she would die within months.
Their son, 19-year-old Laban, is listed on the next page. Laban is the next in
our line:
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
| Name: |
|
Augustus
Hawyes |
| Age: |
|
46 |
| Birthplace: |
|
New York |
| Home in 1850: |
|
Royalton,
Niagara,
New York
|
| Estimated Birth Year: |
|
1804 |
| Attended School within year |
|
No |
| Page: |
|
183 |
| Roll: |
|
M432_560 |
| Year: |
|
1850 |
|
|
|
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
| Name: |
|
Laben
Haws |
| Age: |
|
19 |
| Birthplace: |
|
New York |
| Home in 1850: |
|
Royalton,
Niagara,
New York |
| Estimated Birth Year: |
|
1831 |
| Attended School within year |
|
Yes |
| Page: |
|
184 |
| Roll: |
|
M432_560 |
| Year: |
|
1850 |
|
|
|
|
SOURCE INFORMATION: 1850 United States Federal Census. M432, 1009 rolls. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington DC. |
1860
CENSUS:
The official enumeration day of the 1860 census
was June 1st, 1860. There were a total of thirty-three states in the Union, with
Minnesota and Oregon being the latest additions.
Enumerators
of the 1860 census were instructed to record the names of every person in the
household, and were asked to include the following categories in the census: name;
age as of the census day; sex; color; birthplace; occupation of persons over age
fifteen; value of real estate; whether married within the previous year; whether
deaf, dumb, blind, insane, a pauper, or a convict; whether able to read or speak
English; and whether the person attended school within the previous year.
Augustus
remains in New York, listed as a 55-year-old farmer, now married to 35-year-old
Fannie Christopher. Augustus Jr., his last child from Jane Jones, still lives
at home. But his son Laban has moved to Michigan. He is listed as a farmer, with
$1500 of real estate and $447 in personal estate. Sarah Dysinger had married him
and died between censuses, and he is now married to Melissa Sanderson.
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
| Name: |
|
Augustus
Hans |
| Age: |
|
56 |
| Birthplace: |
|
New York |
| Home in 1860: |
|
Royalton,
Niagara,
New York
|
| Estimated Birth Year: |
|
1804 |
| Post Office: |
|
Reynales Basin |
| Roll: |
|
M653_822 |
| Page: |
|
559 |
| Value of Real Estate: |
|
6250 |
|
|
|
| Personal Information |
Census Image
|
| Name: |
|
Laben
Howse |
| Age: |
|
29 |
| Birthplace: |
|
New York |
| Home in 1860: |
|
Riley, St Clair, Michigan |
| Estimated Birth Year: |
|
1831 |
| Post Office: |
|
Memphis, MI |
| Roll: |
|
M653_559 |
| Page: |
|
0 |
| Value of Real Estate: |
|
1500 |
|
| | | | |
|
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